Category: Chemical Warfare

Asbestos Training Schools for WWII today are still schools and sites of charitable organizations in San Francisco

Support for Families with Children for Disabilities, The San Francisco Pride Office, Aids Legal Referral Project and the National Housing Law Project are at 1633 Mission St. San Francisco whic was one of many vocational schools used to train civilians to wrap pipes on ships with asbestos for the war effort. The site also taught welding and other skills necessary in ship building.

I ran into this listing for Treasure Island in the journal “Asbestos” while doing a search of a periodicals database and this led me to the “San Francisco War Production Training School” and its multiple sites listed below.

Asbestos 1944-08: Vol 26 Iss 2
Asbestos 1944-08: Vol 26 Iss 2

“San Francisco War Production Training School”

I found this pamplet describing the courses and locations. I will note if the site is still a school today and its google map location. Unforunately the courses were probably the same courses in each facility. I noted the Asbestos Training course and its description, they also taught welding and htis was very important in the shipbuilding for World wAr II. The Kaiser shipyards in Richmond were able to produce an entire liberty ship in 4 hours of time. The Japanese thought this was propaganda until they were able to confirm it. An amazing accomplishment that required training of hundreds of people at a time. I noted the 1633 mission site as it was the Shipbuilding School.
“San Francisco War Production Training School” – Pamplet –

San Francisco Public Schools – War Production Training Program.

Introduction:
This is short pamplet describes the San Francisco School system’s World War II training programs.

San Francisco Public Schools

War Production Training Program

Free training for War Production workers is offered by the United States Government in cooperation with the San Francisco Public Schools with classes conducted in the following locations:

  • Shipbuilding School – 1663 Mission St. Google Map
  • Samuel Gompers Trades School – 22nd and Bartlett Sts. Note: Currently City College of San Francisco – Mission Center – Article on the Samuel Gompers Trade School building – Google Map
  • Balboa High – Onondaga Ave. and Cayuga Ave. Note: Still a High School Google Map
  • James Denman Junior High – Onondaga Ave. and Otsego Ave. Note: Still a Junior High School Google Map
  • San Francisco Junior College – Balboa Park – is currently San Francisco City College Note: Link on the history of the site – Google Map
  • Abraham Lincoln High – 22nd Ave. and Santiago St. Note: Still there, still a school – Google Map
  • George Washington High – 32nd Ave. and Anza St. Note: Still a school – Google Map
  • Presidio Junior High – 30th Ave. and Geary St. Note: Name change to Presidio Middle School still in operation – Google Map
  • Roosevelt Junior High.- Arguello Blvd. near Geary St. Note: Still in operation Name change Roosevelt Middle School – Google Map
  • Marina Junior High – Fillmore and Bay Sts. Note: Still in operation, Name change to Marina Middle School – Google Map
  • Galileo High – Van Ness Ave. and Francisco St. Note: Still in opration, Name is Galileo Academy of Science and Technology – Google Map
  • Polytechnic High – Frederick St. and Arguello Blvd. Note: The good news it is new construction, no longer a school

Other Locations:

  • Treasure Island – Chemical, Biological and Radiological training site that used Mustard Gas and all land contaminated with chemical weapons are by law not capable of being transfered to civilian authorities. The sale to the City is against the law, DOD regulations and the Chemical Weapons Convention which has a deadline for compliance of December 31, 2023.
  • Aquatic Park
  • Sperry Gyroscope Co.
  • Maritime Hall
  • Ship Invader

Offices: War Production Training
93 Grove St.; Joseph E. Clisham, Director

Shipbuilding School, 1663 Mission St.

Samual Gompers Trades School
Room 214, 22nd and Bartlett Sts.

Supervisors:
T. Paul Dutcher, Paul O’Rourke, E. A. Wolfe

Entrance Requirements

Those interested in enrolling in War Production Training Classes may obtain information at the United States Employment Service, 1690 Mission Street, or may enroll directly at the school where the instruction is given. This instruction is free and is available without discrimination to all persons, male or female, employable in War Production Work.

Capable interviewers are on duty from 8 a.m. until 9 p.m. at the Samuel Gompers Trades School, 22nd and Bartlett Streets, and at the Shipbuilding School, 1663 Mission Street. Those interested in additional information as to the courses offered or the employment possibilities are welcome at these two locations.

All courses are designed for the needs of the industry concerned. Hours are arranged for the convenience of the majority of the students. New classes are started as the need demands.

These courses have the endorsement of the War Manpower Commission, Labor, Management, and the United States Employment Service.

Training is Offered in the Following Trades:

Aircraft Engine Mechanics
Aircraft Assembly Mechanics
Aircraft Sheet Metalsmith
Aircraft Mechanics (Pan-American Airways)
Acetylene Welding
Arc Welding
Communications (Land-line Morse, Teletype, Mux)
Asbestos Pipe Covering
General Machine Shop
Marine Drafting and Layout
Marine Electrical Installation
Marine Machine Shop
Marine Steamfitting and Pipefitting
Seamanship
Sheet Metal Fabrication and Layout
Radio Repairman – (Signal Corps)
Shipfitting
Ship-Lofting
Shipwright and Joiner

Asbestos Pipe Covering

All ship steam pipes, hot water lines, and steam boilers are covered in a fireproof jacket of asbestos. Refrigeration systems are all insulated with cork and hair felt. This material is then covered with canvas that must be sewed or pasted, The work is not heavy, and workers in this field are in great demand at all times. Only men are employable at the present time. The industry encourages those in allied fields such as painting, plastering, brick laying, tile setting, and cement finishers, to take this training.

This is a pre-employment course, and those who complete the work begin employment at journeymen’s rate of pay.

Featured

6 Nuclear sites within walking distance of California Department of Public Health Building, UC Berkeley Richmond and EPA Region 9 Lab

If the State and the Feds cannot look out for its own people how can we rely on them to protect the public?

The Califormia Department of Public Health (CDPH) regulates all of the radiological contamination in the State of California. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) Building, EPA Region 9 lab and the University of California Berkeley Richmond Campus are located right in the heart of Nuclear Alley in Richmond CA. This series will highlight 6 nuclear industry companies in the Port of Richmond that held Atomic Energy Commission Licenses for Nuclear Waste, worked directly with radioactive isotopes (radioactive elements like Uranium, Plutonium, Strontium 90, Cesium 137, Cobalt 60, Carbon 14 etc) and built machines used in the Nuclear Weapons industry.

Tracerlab/EAL building at 2030 Wright Avenue has been looted, it is a nuclear waste site and made radiological equipent for the Nuclear Industry. Google maps street view

All are within walking distance of these government facilites and they have never been cleaned up for their nuclear purposes. These government facilities need to be evacuated, because they were constructed after the contamination, which means:

  • Every surface exposed during contruction inside the walls and out will have to be swabbed to determine alpha and beta particles for identification of the isotopes as well as gamma readings for radiation.
  • All samples taken as evidence for all of Region 9 which includes, CA, OR, WA, HI, NV, the Pacific and the 148 Tribal Nations in all cases where the EPA and CDPH buildings have existed will have to be thrown out and resampled.
  • And most importantly every employee and every living being who stepped in these facilties will have to be evacuated and monitored for exposure for the rest of their lives.

Stauffer Chemical in Richmond CA processed uranium NRC records 1962
Stauffer Chemical Richmond on list of 153 Sites for the Nuclear Weapons Industry
Nuclear Fuel Rods Transported to and from the Port of Richmond CA
Tracerlab at 2030 and Berkeley Scientific at 2200 Wright Avenue Richmond CA – Nuclear Devices and testing
Tracerlab dumping Nuclear Waste At Sea, building looted in Richmond CA
Ocean Transport of Richmond dumped nuclear waste at sea – 1 of 6 Nuclear Weapons sites within walking distance of CDPH building, UC Berkeley Richmond and EPA Region 9 Lab
Chevron Richmond CA dumping nuclear waste at sea and burying on site

Also note the Navy dumped nuclear waste directly into San Francisco Bay in 1946 and they covered it up by making sure to not notify the barge operators what they were dumping. Here is that COVER UP Document and a separate set of orders for all Navy Bases on the West Coast, the Pacific and Norfolk Naval Bases.

1946-12-04 ACID AND OTHER DECONTAMINATING SOLUTIONS USED IN CLEARING SALT WATER SYSTEMS MAY BE DISCHARGED INTO HARBORS

Safety Regulations have changed over the years and all sites cleaned up in the past, those standards are nuclear accidents today. All sites need to be re-evaluated for radiological contamination.

Safety levels of nuclear radiation have changed over the years making previous cleanups are now nuclear accidents

EPA Regulations on proximity means the UCSF and UC Berkeley Ergonomics Lab is within 200 feet of the Stauffer Chemical Plant making it part of the site.

The EPA has regulations on Proximity to toxic waste sites. I went into the law in detail in this article on the contamination range of Treasure Island to San Francisco.

Downtown San Francisco within Contamination Range of Treasure Island Atomic, Biological and Chemical Warfare training sites

To the EPA everything within 200 feet of a site is on the site. In this case of UC Berkeley everything to the east of Egret Way, which is where the UC BErkeley Bus drives down to unload students is within the 200 feet fo the Stauffer Chemical Company.

Near Neighbors are everything from 200 feet to a quarter of a mile and that makes the EPA Region 9 Laboratory within that range.

A Second Near Neighbor class is everything from a quarter of a mile to a mile away and that encompases the California Department of Public Health.

Then you have ranges for water and dust contamination that can go 4 miles, so these sites are all within a mile of the California Department of Public Health and all sites are within the wind range contamination of each other and the city of Richmond.


EARTHDAY 2021 PROTEST SAN FRANCISCO video

These are the people I am fighting for to publish the Navy reports on my Treasure Island website and on this Disaster Area website documenting the Navy’s contamination of Hunters Point shipyard by the US Navy’s Radiological Defense Laboratory based at Hunters Point and at Treasure Island, the Navy’s Atomic, Biological and Chemical Warfare Training Center.

And if you want a sample of the Navy’s own sources, of what they dumped and polluted at Hunters Point Shipyard, here is their Health and Safety report from 1960 documenting the exposures by building number and listing the radiological accidents just for 1960
U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory., Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. (1961). Radiological safety at USNRDL: annual progress report health physics division ; 1 January to 31 December 1960. San Francisco, California: U.S. Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory. Note: This text is searchable on that website

Treasure Island – Naval Training Bulletin. 1956-57 June p 12 Damage Controlman, Class A Courses

Schools Command, US Naval Station, Treasure Island Calif., Naval Training Bulletin. 1956-57 June p 12 HathiTrust page

1. Fire Fighting (3 weeks fire-fighting; 1 week portable pumps) 4 weeks
2. Atomic and Chemical Defense Monitoring – 3 weeks
3. Basic Woodworking Tools and General Carpentry 4 weeks
4. Welding, Mathematics, and Blueprints 4 weeks
5. Practical Damage Control 4 weeks
6. Painting and Plastic Pipe Repair 2 weeks, 2 days

Treasure Island – Biological and Chemical Training on USS Pandemonium Dec 1956 Naval Training Bulletin

USS Pandemonium being built for Biological, Chemical training. Naval Training Bulletin December 1956 pp 9-11. HathiTrust Link
Note the students training:
Page 10: July 1955 – – Students practice Biological and chemical warfare countermeasures on deckhouse.
PAGE 10: Lower right Construction work is suspended temporarily for class drills.
pAGE 11: September 1956 – – A class hoses down the main deck aft. The 40 mm and K guns have just been acquired.

Naval Training Bulletin December 1956, pg. 9

Treasure Island CA – 1952- Chemical warfare course and manual, San Francisco CA

Chemical Warfare Defense
Civil Engineer Corps, United States Navy Tp-PL-3
Bureau of Yards and Docks, Department of the Navy Washington, D. C. 1 January 1952
p. 12

133.02 Training Courses
A three-week chemical warfare course is conducted at the Chemical Corps School, Fort McClellan, Alabama, (formerly located at the Chemical Center, Maryland) and at the U.S. Damage Control Training Center, Treasure Island, California. Details on courses are given in NavPers 15795 List of Naval Schools and Courses. These courses are designed for key personnel of the defense organization to prepare them to conduct necessary training of station personnel. A proposed course for personnel to be assigned to decontamination operations is outlined in Department of the Army Field Manual FM 21-40, “Defense Against Chemical Attack”

Agents used

FM 21-40 Defense Against Chemical Attack 1940 by United States. Army. Chemical Warfare Service Page 6

Mustard
Nitrogen Mustard

Blister Agents
Lewisite
Ethyldichlorarsine
Methyldichlorasine
Phenyldichlorasine
Mixed Blister Gases

Choking Agents
Phosgene
Diphosgene
Chloropicrin

Systemic Agents
Hydrocyanic Acid
Cyanogen Chloride
Arsine

Nerve Agents
G Gas

Vomiting Agents
Adamsite
Diphenylchloroarsine
Diphenylocyanarsine

Tear Agents
Chloroacetophenone
Chloroacetophenone (solution3)
Chloroacetophenone (training solution 4)
Brombenzyloyanids

Screening Smokes
Hexachlorethane Mixture
Sulfur Trioxids in chlor-sulfonic acid
Titanium tetrachloride
White phosphorus Continue reading “Treasure Island CA – 1952- Chemical warfare course and manual, San Francisco CA” →

Treasure Island Atomic, Biological, and Chemical Warfare for Medical Officers

Medical News Letter, Vol. 33, No. 12 op. 20
Training in ABC Warfare for Medical Officers -A Four Weeks’ Course

Course #5 convening 4 January 1960
Location: U.S. Naval Schools Command, Naval Station, Treasure Island, San Francisco, Calif.
Student Clearance Required: SECRET
Reporting Time and Place: Prior to 2200, 3 January 1960, Personnel Office, U.S. Naval Schools Command, Bldg. 28

Course Objectives

The course is designed for experienced active duty Naval Medical officers possessing SECRET security clearance. It will stress the medical aspects of modern warfare and of military peace time operations, including problems incident to atomic, biological, and chemical weapons systems, nuclear propulsion, mass casualties, and isotope programs. Military aspects of the weapons systems and military countermeasures will also be considered so that Medical officers may function effectively on a staff and can reasonably assess the medical compromises imposed by the military situation. Outstanding speakers, both military and civilian, will be on the program. The course will include visits to the Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory and the Naval Biological Laboratory; it will also include several practical exercises and drills. Texts will be provided for permanent retention Continue reading “Treasure Island Atomic, Biological, and Chemical Warfare for Medical Officers” →

Treasure Island CA – Biological and Chemical Training Center US Navy Medical News Letter, Vol. 29, No. 5 Friday, l March 1957 page 14

Description of the Atomic, Biological and Chemical training center at Treasure Island Navy Base including the showers necessary to decontaminate the students from the Biological and Chemical Training Center at Treasure Island.

The Evolution of the USS Pandemonium US Navy Medical News Letter, Vol. 29, No. 5 Friday, l March 1957 page 14

The old adage, “Big oaks from little acorns grow, ” was recently demonstrated at the Biological and Chemical Warfare Defense School at Treasure Island, Calif. In July 1955, an old deckhouse served as a mockup for shipboard training in biological and chemical warfare counter-measures. Today, the deckhouse has grown into the USS Pandemonium, a full-scale mockup of a 173 PC.
The Pandemonium has been designed throughout for the teaching of all phases of ABC shipboard defense and recovery techniques. It was constructed from a set of general plans of the PC-1170 and !rom photos of the PC-116. Continue reading “Treasure Island CA – Biological and Chemical Training Center US Navy Medical News Letter, Vol. 29, No. 5 Friday, l March 1957 page 14” →

Treasure Island, in San Francisco CA the Navy’s Atomic, Biological and Chemical (ABC) School Course List

Treasure Island which is being developed for real estate by builders with political connections even though it is an EPA Superfund site for Nuclear Radiation; the city of San Francisco placed public housing on the site in the former barracks of the base. For background on this problem look at this article by Reuters “A California Naval base shutters, and contamination lingers decades later” CONDEMNED: After the Navy closed the Treasure Island base in 1997, San Francisco planned much-needed new housing. Decades later, pollution lingers, leaving new housing a mirage.” REUTERS/Elijah Nouvelage.

This is a course list from 1978 of the courses provided on the Island at the US Navy’s Command School and Damage Control School. Note the Atomic, Biological and Chemical (ABC) school was renamed Nuclear, Biological and Chemical (NBC) school.

The school built a mockup of a ship USS Pandemonium which they laced with Radioactive Isotopes and the sailors learned to find the radiation and use various techniques to clean the ship by hand and also use fire-fighting hoses to spray the radiation off of the ship and down the drain into the Bay. Also they buried radioactive materials all over the island for the sailors to find.

This most likely explains how a little girl had fallout beads in her treasure box, along with radium dials that were removed from ships which she found digging for “Treasure” on Treasure Island! Fallout varies in size the larger closer into a nuclear blast and when it forms, it becomes a bead or drop shaped piece of glass. The US Naval Radiological Defense Laboratory at Hunters Point Shipyard collected fallout at nuclear tests by specifically collecting this fallout for study by building collectors placed at the Nuclear Test Sites.

The Courses:

Guide to the Evaluation of Educational Experiences in the Armed Services. The 1978 Guide. 3: Coast Guard, Marine Corps, Navy.
American Council on Education, Washington, DC Office on Educational Credit
Department of Defense, Washington, DC 1978

NV-0801-0004 NBC DEFENSE FOR PETTY OFFICERS

Course Number: Not available.
Location: Version I: Damage Control Training Center, Philadelphia, PA.
Version 2: Damage Control School, Treasure Island, CA.
Length: 3 weeks (90 hours).
Exhibit Dates: 5/68-Present.
Objectives: To train personnel to perform as advanced damage-control men strikers.
Instruction: Lectures and practical exercises in nuclear, biological, and chemical defense afloat, including classification, detection, and decontamination of BW /CW agents and nuclear radiation; operation and maintenance of radiac equipment, maintenance of protective clothing and masks; training of personnel in monitoring and decontamination procedures for repair parties; nuclear warfare defense; and NBC warfare defense organization.
Credit Recommendation: No credit because of the military nature of the course (5/74).

NV-0801-0005 NBC WARFARE DEFENSE ASHORE

Course Number: A-7K-011.
Location: Version 1: Army Chemical School, Ft. McClellan, AL. Version 2: Schools Command, Treasure Island, CA.
Length: 6 weeks (168-185 hours).
Exhibit Dates: 4/66 – Present.
Objectives: To Train officers to perform as disaster control officers for shore establishments.
Instruction: Lectures and practical exercises in disaster control procedures, including organization; nuclear, biological and chemical agents and effects; nuclear, biological and chemical warfare defense and accident control; disaster control operation; radiological detection; and decontamination.
Credit Recommendation: no credit because of the military nature of the course (12/68)

NV-0802-0001 ABC DEFENSE FOR SHIPBOARD INSTRUCTORS

Course Number: None
Location: Damage Control Training Center, Treasures Island, CA
Length: 3 Weeks (104 hours).
Exhibit Dates: 1/62-12/68
Objectives: To train enlisted personnel to assist officers in organizing and donducting training programs in shipboard defense.
Instruction: Lectures in instructor training and in nuclear, biological, and chemical warfare defense afloat.
Credit Recommendation: In the vocational certificate category, 1 semester hour in occupational safety (1/74), in the lower division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in occupational safety (1/74)

NV-0802-0008 ABC WARFARE DEFENSE AFLOAT

Course Number: Not available.
Location: Version 1: Damage Control Training Center, Philadelphia, PA. Version 2: Schools Command, Treasure Island, CA
Length: 5 weeks (123-174 hours).
Exhibit Dates: 12/59-12/68.
Objectives: To train officers in atomic, biological, and chemical warfare defense afloat.
Instruction: Lectures and practical exercises on ABC warfare defense afloat including atomic, biological, and chemical warfare effects on personnel, ships and equipment; methods used to reduce or negate these effects; casualty minimization; requirements of shipboard ABC-damage control; radiological detections; nuclear weapon accidents, protection and decontamination; disaster recovery; shipboard organization, and anti-personnel biological warfare.
Credit Recommendation: No credit because of the specialized nature of the course (12/68).

NV-1715-0545 RADIAC INSTRUMENT MAINTENANCE

Course Number: A-670-0020.
Location: Version 1: Damage Control School, Treasure Island, CA. Version 2: Naval Schools Command, Treasure Island, CA/
Length: Version 1: 5 weeks (82 hours). Version 2: 4 weeks (90 hours).
Exhibit Dates: Version 1: 8/70-Present.
Version 2: 1/66-7/70.
Objectives: To Train enlisted personnel to be radiac technicians.
Instruction: Lectures and practical exercises in operation, maintenance, and repair of radiation related equipment, including dosage hazards, radiological monitoring and decontamination; basic nuclear physics; radiac computer indicator, detector, and calibrator maintenance; radioactive sources leak testing, atomic energy commission license requirements, electronics review; and standard test equipment.
Credit Recommendation: Version 1: In the vocational certificate category, 2 semester hours in radiation equipment maintenance (4/74); in the lower-division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 2 semester hours in radiation equipment maintenance, and credit in physics laboratory on the basis of institutional examination (4/74); in the upper-division baccalaureate category, credit in electrical laboratory on the basis of institutional examination (4/74). Version 2: In the vocational certificate category, 1 semester hour in radiation equipment maintenance (4/74); in the lower-division (redacted) baccalaureate/associated degree category, 1 Semester hour in radiation equipment maintenance, and credit in physics laboratory on the basis of instructional examination (4/74); in the upper-division baccalaureate category, credit in electrical laboratory ON THE BASIS OF INSTITUTIONAL EXAMINATION (4/74).

NV-1728-0012 DAMAGE CONTROLLMEN CLASS A HT-A PHASE 1

Course Number: A-780-0035; A-780-0036.
Location: Damage Control Training Center, Philadelphia, PA; Damage Control Training Center, Treasure Island, CA.
Length: 7-8 weeks (240 hours).
Exhibit Dates: 7/70-Present.
Objectives: To train enlisted personnel in damage control techniques.
Instruction: Lectures and practical exercises in hull and hull system, casualty control, shoring, hull and pipe patching, plastic repairs, firefighting, basic nuclear physics, characteristics of nuclear bursts, classification and detection of biological and chemical agents, shipboard decontamination, use and care of oxygen breathing equipment.
Credit Recommendation: In/the vocational certificate category, 1 semester hour in firefighting, 3 in damage control (5/74); in the lower-division baccalaureate/associate degree category, 1 semester hour in firefighting, 3 in damage control (5/74)

Naval Standards

Apprentice (E-2)

914 NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL (NBC) DEFENSE

914201 Use of protective mask in a chamber or environment of riot control agent (CS) or dense smoke
914202 Use of currently issued protective and self-aid equipment and methods of adapting regularly issued clothing and equipment for protection against contamination.
914203 Markers used to indicate that an area in contaminated
914204 Means by which biological operation agents enter the body
914205 Methods of dissemination of agents : (A) aerosols; (B) sabotage
914206 Methods used to decontaminate personnel

914207 Use of atropine
914208 Characteristics and effects of the following: (A) nerve agents; (B) blister agents; (C) blood agents; (D) choking agents; (E) screening agents
914209 Protective measures to be followed in the event of NBC attack
914210 Duties of member of a decontamination team
914211 Duties of member of a monitoring team other than monitor
914212 General procedures to be followed prior to, during, and after attack as set forth in the NBC defense bills

Apprentice (E-3)

914 NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL (NBC) DEFENSE

914301 Effects of nuclear radiation (alpha and beta particles, gamma rays and neutrons)
914302 Meanwhile of the following terms as applied to radiological defense: (A) radiac; (B) radiation dose; (C) radiation dose rate; (D) safe stay time; (E) material condition “Circle William”
914303 Differences between radiation and radiological contamination
914304 Purpose and use of the casualty dosimeter in terms of when used, by whom, and for what purpose
914305 Purpose, use of, and how to interpret a self-reading pocket dosimeter

Petty Officer Second Class (E-5)

914 NUCLEAR, BIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL (NBC) DEFENSE

914501 Basic organization of teams to decontaminate radioactive areas and areas contaminated by chemical or biological agents.

Navy calls Treasure Island safe, but radiological and chemical toxins announced on Prop 65 signs

Carol Harvey’s reported YouTube Video Link Jul 2, 2019
According to the landlords, the notice that the land the buildings are built upon is an ongoing cleanup effort. But the tenants do not have that information in their leases. It is all BS. The landlords claim they have provided the information but it is not there. They never got around to telling the tenants that they are living on a nuclear site.